Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad in what is now Saudi Arabia. Its central text is the Quran, which Muslims believe to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad. The Quran is divided into 114 chapters, or surahs, and is considered to be the literal word of God in Islam. Muslims believe that there is only one God, who is merciful and compassionate, and that the purpose of life is to submit to God's will and to lead a virtuous life.
The Islamic faith has five pillars: the declaration of faith (the shahada), prayer (salat), giving to charity (zakat), fasting during the month of Ramadan (sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). The shahada is the declaration that "there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God." Muslims are required to pray five times a day, facing Mecca. They are also expected to give to charity, fast during the month of Ramadan, and make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime if they are able.
Islam is the second-largest religion in the world, with over 1 billion followers. The majority of Muslims live in the Middle East, Indonesia, and South Asia, but there are also significant populations of Muslims in Africa, Europe, and North America. The Islamic faith has many different denominations, the two main being Sunni and Shia.
Islam has had a profound impact on world history and culture. The Islamic Golden Age, from the 8th to the 13th centuries, saw great advancements in science, mathematics, medicine, and literature. Many important works of literature and philosophy, such as the Thousand and One Nights, were written during this time. Islamic art and architecture, including the use of geometric patterns and calligraphy, has also had a lasting influence on the world.
Islam is a religion of peace, and it is the duty of every Muslim to strive for peace and to respect the rights of others. Islamic teachings promote compassion, forgiveness, and social justice, and many Muslims are actively engaged in efforts to promote peace and understanding in their communities.
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